主语和谓语的单复数匹配代词和主谓一致性就近原则 在英语简单句中,主谓一致性是一个基本的语法规则,指的是主语和谓语在数和人称上必须保持一致。以下是英语简单句中主谓一致性的几个关键点: 1. 主语和谓语的单复数匹配: - 当主语是单数时,谓语动词通常也是单数形式。例如:`She reads a book.`(她读一本书。) - 当主语是复数时,谓语动词通常也是复数形式。例如:`They play football.`(他们踢足球。) 2. 不可数名词和动词的单数形式: - 不可数名词通常被看作单数,因此谓语动词使用单数形式。例如:`Milk is good for health.`(牛奶对健康有益。) 3. 集体名词和动词的形式: - 集体名词,如`team`、`family`、`class`等,根据语境可能被视为单数或复数。如果它们被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调集体中的个体成员,谓语动词用复数。例如: - `The team is ready for the game.`(这个团队已经准备好参加比赛了。) - `The team are all excited.`(团队的每个人都很兴奋。)
新概念英语第三册单词 - 当主语后面跟有代词(如`with`, `together with`, `like`, `except`, `but`, `no less than`, `as well as`等)引起的短语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致。例如: - `Tom, as well as his brother, likes playing basketball.`(汤姆和他的兄弟都喜欢打篮球。) 5. 就近原则: - 在某些情况下,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如,在`there be`句型中,以及由`either…or…`、`neither…nor…`连接的并列主语中,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如: - `There is a book and some pens on the table.`(桌子上有一本书和一些钢笔。) - `Neither you nor I am responsible for the accident.`(你和我都不对这次事故负责。) 6. 意义一致原则: - 有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上表示的是复数概念,此时谓语动词应使用复数形式。例如: - `The United States are divided into 50 states.`(美国分为50个州。) 练习题 1: 填空 1. The cat _______ (is / are) playing with a ball. 2. The jeans _______ (is / are) very expensive. 3. My family _______ (is / are) coming to visit me. 4. Each apple _______ (has / have) a seed inside. 5. Either he or I _______ (am / are) going to the party. 练习题 2: 选择题 1. _______ your brother and sister enjoys reading? A. Does B. Do C. Is D. Are 2. The book on the table _______ interesting. A. are B. is C. has D. have 3. This pair of shoes _______ too big for me. A. is B. are C. has D. have 4. The number of students in our class _______ thirty. A. is B. are C. has D. have 5. Each of the students _______ a dictionary. A. has B. have C. is D. are 练习题 3: 改正错误 1. She and I are going to the cinema. (改正主谓不一致的错误) 2. The police is searching for the criminal. (改正主谓不一致的错误) 3. My glasses is broken. (改正主谓不一致的错误) 4. Both he and she has a car. (改正主谓不一致的错误) 5. Neither my sister nor I am going shopping. (改正主谓不一致的错误) 答案及解析 练习题 1: 填空 1. is (主语"The cat"是单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式。) 2. are (虽然"jeans"看起来像是复数形式,但通常被看作单数,指一类衣物,所以谓语动词用复数形式。) 3. is (主语"My family"虽然从字面上看像是复数,但在这里通常被看作一个整体,所以谓语动词用单数形式。) 4. has (主语"Each apple"中的"Each"表明是单个苹果,所以谓语动词用单数形式。) 5. is (主语"Either he or I"中使用了"Either...or..."结构,谓语动词与最近的主语"I"保持一致,用单数形式。) 练习题 2: 选择题 1. B (主语"Your brother and sister"是复数,所以助动词用"Do"。) 2. B (主语"The book"是单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式"is"。) 3. A (主语"This pair of shoes"被看作单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式"is"。) 4. A (主语"The number of students"是单数,表示学生的数量,所以谓语动词用单数形式"is"。) 5. A (主语"Each of the students"中的"Each"表明是单个学生,所以谓语动词用单数形式"has"。) 练习题 3: 改正错误 1. She and I are going to the cinema. (正确:She and I am going to the cinema. 应改为 "She and I am going to the cinema.",因为当主语包含第一人称单数"I"时,动词应与"I"保持一致,使用单数形式"am"。) 2. The police is searching for the criminal. (正确:The police are searching for the criminal. 应改为 "The police are searching for the criminal.",因为"police"通常被看作复数,所以谓语动词用复数形式"are"。) 3. My glasses is broken. (正确:My glasses are broken. 应改为 "My glasses are broken.",因为"glasses"是复数形式,所以谓语动词用复数形式"are"。) 4. Both he and she has a car. (正确:Both he and she have a car. 应改为 "Both he and she have a car.",因为主语包含两个并列的第三人称单数主语,所以谓语动词用复数形式"have"。) 5. Neither my sister nor I am going shopping. (正确:Neither my sister nor I am going shopping. 正确,无需更改。这个句子中的主谓一致性是正确的,因为"neither"连接的并列主语与最近的主语"I"保持一致,使用单数形式"am"。) ![]() |